《植物生理学报》 2011, 47(8): 777-784

黄河三角洲盐碱地条件下不同甘薯品种耐盐性

刘桂玲¹, 郑建利¹, 范维娟², 段晓光², 柳新明¹, 张鹏^2,3,*

1泰安市农业科学研究院, 山东泰安271000; 2中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所, 上海200032; 3中国科学院上海辰山植物科学研究中心, 上海辰山植物园, 上海201602

通信作者：张鹏；E-mail: zhangpeng@sibs.ac.cn；Tel: 021-54924096

摘　要：

利用北方薯区当前生产上广泛种植的甘薯新品种, 在黄河三角洲盐碱地上开展种植试验, 以期选育耐盐甘薯品种。 对每个测试品种的重要农艺性状及盐离子含量进行分析。结果表明不同甘薯品种的耐盐性存在差异。除叶片数、分枝 数、分枝长度无显著性差异外, 其他农艺性状如总鲜重、鲜薯产量、薯块干率、薯干产量、薯块数等都在不同品种中达 到显著水平, 建议耐盐性的评价指标应以鲜薯和薯干产量为主。对甘薯新生叶片、成熟叶片、须根、块根等不同器官进 行Cl-、Ca2+、Na+和K+的含量分析, 结果表明不同品种其不同器官中各种盐离子含量差异显著, 暗示不同基因型耐盐机制 存在差异。基于对鲜薯和薯干产量的比较, 筛选出耐盐碱的品种, 主要有‘泰中9号’、‘苏薯7号’、‘龙薯1号’、‘徐薯18’等。 同时, 对甘薯种植前后的土壤总盐分和营养成分的分析显示: 甘薯收获后, 土壤中的含盐量显著降低。本研究为沿海滩涂 培育和种植耐盐碱甘薯新品种进行了有益的尝试, 同时也为盐碱地改良和生物质能原材料种植提供了思路。

关键词：甘薯; 品种; 耐盐性; 盐碱地; 农艺性状

收稿：2011-06-28   修定：2011-06-28

资助：泰安市科技局科技攻关项目(20071021)、山东省科学技术发展计划(2009GG10009033)和“863”计划(2009AA10Z102)。

Salinity Tolerance of Different Sweetpotato Varieties on Saline-Alkali Soils of the Yellow River Delta

LIU Gui-Ling¹, ZHENG Jian-Li¹, FAN Wei-Juan², DUAN Xiao-Guang², LIU Xin-Ming¹, ZHANG Peng^2,3,*

¹Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, Shandong 271000, China; ²National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; ³Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China

Corresponding author: ZHANG Peng; E-mail: zhangpeng@sibs.ac.cn; Tel: 021-54924096

Abstract:

To investigate the tolerance capacity of sweetpotato to salinity stress, new-released sweetpotato cultivars in the north region of China were experimented on the saline-alkali soil of the Yellow River Delta. Analysis of their important agronomic traits and salt ion contents revealed differences in salt tolerance among different cultivars of sweetpotato. Except of the number of leaves, and the number and length of branches, significant differences were found in other agronomic traits of tested cultivars, including the total fresh weight, the fresh storage root yield, dry matter percentage, dried chip yield and the number of storage roots. Yields of fresh storage roots and dried chips are recommended as the major parameters for evaluating the capacity of salt tolerance of sweetpotato. Measurement of different salt ion contents of Cl^-, Ca²⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ in new leaves, mature leaves, fibrous roots and storage roots showed that significant differences of salt ions content in different organs of the varieties were detected, suggesting that the mechanisms of salt tolerance of different genotypes might be varied. Based on the yield comparison of fresh storage root and dried chips, cultivars highly tolerant to salinity stress were screened out. These cultivars include ‘Taizhong-9’, ‘Sushu-7’, ‘Longshu-1’ and ‘Xushu-18’. Importantly, the salt contents in the soils before planting and after harvest of sweetpotato were dramatically decreased. The current study demonstrated a useful approach for breeding and cultivating salt-resistant sweetpotato in coastal reclamation areas and also provides new strategy for the production of raw materials for salinealkali soil improvement and biofuels.

Key words: sweetpotato; variety; salt tolerance; saline-alkali soil; agronomic trait